hMSCs co-transfected with RUNX2 plus SP7 were cultured for 14 days prior to ATF4 transfection; however, these two genes were insufficient to drive osteogenesis of hMSCs. To evaluate the necessity of the ATF4 gene for osteogenesis, the MOCK and ATF4 genes were transfected. Figure 4 Transfection...
Infrared spectra were recorded on a Jasco FT/IR-4100 spectrometer (Japan Spectroscopic Corporation, Tokyo, Japan); peaks are reported in cm´1. The NMR spectra were recorded on a Varian Mercury Plus 400 spectrometer, using the residual CHCl3 signal (δH 7.26 ppm) ...
Casein, skim milk, keratin, gelatin, collagen and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). All the enzymes for DNA manipulations were purchased from NEB (Dalian, Liaoning, China). Phenylmethanesulfonyl fluo- ride (PMSF), isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (...
Plate 1′″ usually does not contact 2″″ but sometimes these two plates plus 1″″ and 2′″ meet at one point (data not shown). In a similar way, 2″″ is usually not in contact to 5′″ (Figs 2B, 5A), but in some cases these two plates have a common suture, and Plate ...
aMaterialsRiluzole, standard GSH, DCF-DA, Ponceau S staining, and cell culture materialswere purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA), except for Dulbecco’s mod-ified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) which was purchased from Gibco BRL (Carlbad,CA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained ...
making the color of the end products more attractive [27]. For vegetable tissue processing, liquid pectinolytic preparations are most often used. These are Pectinex Ultra SP-L, Ultrazym AFP-L, Rapidase®Carrot, Rohament PL®, Panzym SMASH XXL®or ROHAPECT®MA Plus, as well as powd...
Measurements are reported as maxima and minima in parentheses and the mean plus and minus the standard deviation of a number of measurements given in parentheses. 2.2. DNA Extraction, PCR, and Phylogenetic Analysis The genomic DNA was extracted from surface mycelium scraped off from pure cul- ...
ABA was purchased from Merck (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). A method for tritium labeling of the cyclohexene part of the ABA molecule has been reported [42]. Briefly, the reaction tube was charged with PdO (60 mg), 5% Pd/BaSO4(15 mg) and anhydrous dioxane (0.3 mL). The tu...
The unsaturated fraction in the four algae was mainly composed of two monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic and oleic acid), along with the polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (an Ω6) and α-linolenic plus eicosapentanoic acids (Ω3). Notably, with the exception of U. rigida, ...
The quantification of each density was performed using the Image-Pro Plus software. Apoptosis assay. DNA fragmentation in vivo was detected using a one-step TUNEL Apoptosis Assay KIT (Roche, Mannheim, Germany). The images were captured with a Nikon ECLIPSE Ti microscope (Nikon, Japan). ...