This way to solve problems is often introduced to college students in the units on chemical equilibrium: for instance, the concentration of a substance at equilibrium is first approximated in order to facilitate the calculation of the other concentrations. Along with its technical benefit, the ...
w(ϕ) is a factor to correct for the finite volume fraction of particles,\( C_{{\gamma^{\prime}}}\;{\text{and}}\;C_{\gamma } \)are the equilibrium concentrations of the rate-limiting solute in the matrix and precipitate, respectively,Dis the solute diffusivity...
For example, weak acetic acid partially dissociates in water producing an acetate ion: CH3COOH ↔ H+ + CH3COO-The undissociated acetic acid, the hydrogen ions and the dissociated ion exist in equilibrium in solution. Sodium acetate also dissociates in water to produce the same acetate ion:...
Backsolving is a class of methods that generate simulated values for exogenous forcing processes in a stochastic equilibrium model from specified assumed distributions for Euler-equation disturbances. It can be thought of as a way to force the approximation error generated by inexact choice of decision...
We can see the two stable equilibria well in both plots, but there is also a third, unstable, equilibrium that can be seen best in the 3D plot. special≔convertS,list|s=3 ⅆⅆtxt=−xt+31+yt2,&...
In detail, when solvent and glass are in contact, the hydrolysis rate of B-O-Si linkages and the diffusion rate of the reactants (e.g. water molecules) and the reaction products (Baq, Caaq) through the closed pores in the gel layer try to reach an equilibrium [41]. These mechanisms...
determinationoflime effectiveoxygenismoreimportantthancalciumandMagnesium Oxide.Methodofdeterminingthecontentofcalciumoxideis effectiveaccordingtotheratioofoxygenandcalciumsucrose combinedgeneratingcalciumsucrose,thenbytitration, titrationwithknownconcentrationsofhydrochloricacid, hydrochloricacidconsumptioncanbecalculatedaccording...
We study the radiative heat transfer and the Casimir-Lifshitz force occurring between two bodies in a system out of thermal equilibrium. We consider bodies... R Messina,M Antezza - 《Physical Review A》 被引量: 52发表: 2011年 On the Convergence of Finite Element Method for Second Order Ell...
Reset displacement after reaching initial equilibrium (this is generally good practice in any case). Allow plastic flow to occur, thus removing stress concentrations, and then re-assign constitutive models to reset state variables. There are probably many other possible schemes, particularly for a non...
We continue with the presentation of our numerical framework which contains two ingredients—an optimization approach for determining the unique equilibrium state and, as our main contribution, a non‐standard finite‐difference scheme for numerical approximation of the time‐discretized dynamical system. ...