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For the remaining 19 functions, the optimization results of WOAAD are superior to WOA. In the comparison experiments between the WOAAD and the Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) algorithm: For functions f9, f10, f11, f16, and f17, the average best values of WOAAD are comparable to HHO. For...
The objective function: This is the equation of the decision variables. In which all the decision variables exist with different parameters. It is used to judge the quality of the solution obtained for the problem being handled. In other words, after calculating the values of the decision variab...
Name Class Date Four Steps for Solving Quantitative Problems Maybe you have noticed that the sample problems in the first three chapters of this book are solved in a four-step process. The steps in the process are as follows.1.ANAL YZE 2.PLAN 3.COMPUTE 4.EVALUATE Now it’s time to ...
d¯ is the average of dp. Spread checks the condition for the obtained Pareto front to cover the True Pareto front. Smaller value of Δ indicate better spread for the obtained Pareto front with uniform distribution. The ∊∊-HTS requires specific parameters for its execution, which ...
Particularly the interference on Sr-86 is problematic for Sr-87/Sr-86 measurements, since it is the normalizing stable isotope, and as such also used in the mass-based fractionation correction using Sr-86/Sr-88. Although on-peak baseline measurements can subtract an average Kr contribution, ...
In that first experience, the squirrels improved with practice - taking an average of eight seconds on their first attempt and just two seconds by the final time they tried it. Trying again for the first time in 22 months, they took an average of just three seconds to get a hazelnut. ...
The latter gives rise to different effects. The average static mean-field Coulomb interaction merely modifies the Coulomb potential and hence the energy levels\(\varepsilon _L\). This has an interest of its own, because it can break the “accidental”O(4) symmetry of the hydrogen atom, so...
(a) profiles of micro strain and average strain along a segment with point x in the center of a representative volume; (b) sketch of the representative volume with the center point x; (c) the representative volume near the surface of the body; (d) the weighting function for non-local ...
For those elements outside the domain, the error density function α is negligible. As for the strain localization problems caused by softening, the nonlocal average should simply be applied to those variables controlling strain softening. Nonlocal approaches work well for both types of failure ...