5.4.1 Efficiency and Efficacy For a single colour LED such as blue, green and red LEDs, wall-plug efficiency is usually used as a measure of the overall efficiency. The wall-plug efficiency, measured by the light output power (measured in watts) divided by the electrical input (also in ...
The red dashed line and star highlight the origin time of the 2009 L'Aquila earthquake. (a) Coherency; (b) Entropy; (c) Eigenvalue variance; (d) First eigenvalue. To quantitatively asses if the observed features can isolate different stages of the seismic cycle (e.g., pre- and post-...
The discharge after this rain episode (red line in Figure 4b) increases suddenly to large values exceeding 15 m3/s, probably because the rain was more intense in the upper mountain range than in the vicinity of the gauge station pluviometer. The spectrogram (Figure 4c) clearly reflects...
In the solid-state imaging apparatus 1, in one unit pixel, dispersion in the longitudinal direction, that is, dispersion of light of RGB is respectively performed in the layers as the red photoelectric converter, the green photoelectric converter, and the blue photoelectric converter stacked in ...
There has been significant discussion on the selection of light sources used for roadway lighting design. There have been contentions that the light spectrum used in roadway lighting can suppress melatonin. It is clear that proper roadway lighting can contribute to safety of people and traffic [2,...
Figure 2. Cell with hole (marked with arrow) in a QEPAS off-beam configuration. Since the sample is stimulated by a laser beam, the diameter of the cylinder has to be larger than the beam width. The laser beam must not hit the wall of the tube. Otherwise, this results in a wall ...
Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figures Versions Notes Abstract In the construction of mountain tunnels, biased and water-rich strata are often encountered. During tunnel excavation, the fluid–solid coupling has a great influence on the stability of the surrounding rock. This effect will be more...
These conclusions highlight the need for comprehensive urban planning and pollution management strategies that consider both traffic emissions and population density. A multiple regression analysis was employed to understand the relationships between population density, proximity to main roads, and pollution ...
Figure 2.NOxemissions with the retrofit activated (red bars) or not activated (blue bars) for various test cycles. Left panel: Urban part emissions. Right panel: Emissions during the full cycle. Error bars show the difference between minimum or maximum value and mean value of 2 repetitions wh...
developed the first red GaAsP laser in the visible spectrum [64], marking a major breakthrough in LDs. In the 1970s, researchers developed new semiconductor materials, such as InGaAsP and AlGaAs. The introduction of these materials enabled LDs to operate over a wider wavelength range and stably...