This produces a lower value than would be the result of indexing benefits to inflation. In this project we evaluate first evaluate whether current methods produce reasonably accurate projections of future nominal benefits, then consider alternative ways of presenting estimated Social Security benefits to...
If the data indicate benefits of treatment, do the interventions improve quality of life and not simply prolong life for a few days, weeks, or months? Does the patient or client value quality of life over quantity of days lived (e.g., ”palliative care with shorter life, but some relief...
Social Benefits *“Social benefits”—a measure of social spending published by the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis—includes: “payments from social insurance funds, such as social security and Medicare.” “payments providing other income support, such as Medicaid and food stamp benefits.”...
but this time it is largely due to human activity. The extinction rate of species ishundreds or thousands of times fasterthan the estimated “background” rate seen over the last tens of millions of years.A recent UN reportdescribes the “overwhelming evidence” of this “ominous picture” and...
Estimated results of the benchmark regression Considering that the occurrence of ‘zero trade flow’ prevails in reality due to excessive trade costs, and that the trade impact identification model of enterprise digital transformation includes fixed effects at country, enterprise, product and time levels...
The EMV is an estimated number of how much you’ve gained from your earned media efforts. While this is great to see, it can be hard to know what to do with this information. What actions should you take after you see your results? Trying to understand any metric on your own is ...
(for example, misallocating resources on “virtue signaling,” or trying to measure with precision what can only be imperfectly estimated, at least to date, through external scores), we would expect that criticisms of ESG could resonate, particularly when one is applying a long-term, value-...
However, less than 10% of the participants estimated that social networks were “not useful” (4%) or “not applicable” (3%) for this purpose. These findings are consistent with the results of a previous study carried out in Eastern Saudi Arabia where 41% of the participants perceived that...
represents a percentage change in a firm’s market value at any given time and is driven by supply and demand. Market value is estimated by applying valuation methods that reflect the nature of the asset and the underlying environment in which it could be traded in trade markets (Pagourtzi ...
(Liu and Williams,2019; Mertens and Montiel Olea,2018; Dabla-Norris and Lima,2023), a substantial body of literature has estimated the impact of corporate tax reform on firm-level outcomes from a public finance standpoint. However, these studies primarily employ the difference-in-difference (DID...