Social Security: Reform Proposals Could Have a Variety of Effects on Distribution of Benefits and Payroll Taxes: GAO-04-872T Under the current Social Security benefit formula, retired workers can receive benefits at age 65 that equal about 50 percent of preretirement earnings for... DM Walker ...
"Effects of Defined Benefit Pensions and Social Security on Household Wealth: Evidence from a Sample of Retirees." Brookings Institution Working Paper. February.Effects of After-Tax Pension and Social Security Benefits on Household Wealth: Evidence from a Sample of Retirees,” working paper, ...
Social capital in terms of “membership and active participation in civil life”, “contact between social members”, and “mutual benefit criteria and cooperative behavior within groups” can help to gain corresponding advantages in off-farm employment opportunities (Zhang and Li, 2003), income (...
Social security benefit rules, growth and inequality Our analysis shows that social security generally reduces the long-run growth rate and our inequality measure. Growth can only be stimulated under a fully... Frédéric,Docquier,and,... - 《Journal of Macroeconomics》 被引量: 99发表: 2003年...
To realize self-reliance, they proactively do physical activity, ensure financial security, strengthen community connectedness, and increase their willingness to accept reality (Chen et al. 2020). It is worth mentioning that Chinese older adults have a unique national characteristic: they have a self...
For their part, virtuous companies, attentive to health protection of their employees, could benefit from premium discounts on the costs of insurance coverage for business risks. The social repercussions of the securitization cycle are primarily reflected in the correct fulfilment and, indeed, in the...
Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World: Micro Estimation This is the introduction and summary to the fifth phase of an ongoing project on Social Security Programs and Retirement Around the World. The first phase ... M Bütler - 《David Wise》...
Overall, the findings from these additional tests indicate that the effect of E&S performance on bond spreads during the crisis reflects bondholders’ expectations of the likelihood of asset substitution or diversion taking place. As such, the key bond market benefit of E&S investments during the...
Economic recessions and restoration change the dynamics of demand and supply in the supply chain. How to match supplier relationships with the dynamic changes to sharp profitability performance is pivotal for firms’ supply chain management during econom
Humans and ecosystems are deeply connected to, and through, the hydrological cycle. However, impacts of hydrological change on social and ecological systems are infrequently evaluated together at the global scale. Here, we focus on the potential for soci