The estimated model is used to simulate the responses to changes in social security rules, including changes in benefit levels, in the payroll tax, in the social security earnings tax and in early and normal retirement ages. Welfare and budget consequences are estimated....
To realize self-reliance, they proactively do physical activity, ensure financial security, strengthen community connectedness, and increase their willingness to accept reality (Chen et al. 2020). It is worth mentioning that Chinese older adults have a unique national characteristic: they have a self...
A Benefit Congruency Framework of Sales Promotion Effectiveness Are monetary savings the only explanation for consumer response to a sales promotion? If not, how do the different consumer benefits of a sales promotion i... P Chandon,B Wansink,G Laurent - 《Journal of Marketing》 被引量: ...
For their part, virtuous companies, attentive to health protection of their employees, could benefit from premium discounts on the costs of insurance coverage for business risks. The social repercussions of the securitization cycle are primarily reflected in the correct fulfilment and, indeed, in the...
During the decade, the accessibility of disaster prevention facilities improved the most, while the accessibility of life security facilities improved the least. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the trend is similar to the overall accessibility index, as presented in Fig. 14. The high-...
This paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, we fix notation and describe how to value future Social Security benefit cash flows. In Section 3, we review the construction, estimation, and forecasting of mortality rates and their incorporation into Social Security valuation. Then, in Section...
We develop valuation and risk techniques for the future benefits of a retiree who participates in the American Social Security program based on their chosen date of retirement, the term structure of interest rates, and forecasted life expectancy. These v
From a normative perspective, it can thus be used as a direct measure of the monetary value of the BHI, for instance, in a cost-benefit analysis to inform policy makers about whether it will be socially desirable to provide the BHI to informal sector workers. From a behavioural perspective,...
body positivity began as a way to center the discussion on bodies that werenotnormatively thin, White, or cisgender as beautiful.Many arguethat mainstreaming the movement hasperpetuated the erasure of those who were meant to benefit from it. Yet, evenas the movement fractures, it gains momentum...
it is important because the total social benefit of projects is the area of transport infrastructure will often consist to a large extent of time savings... CJ Oort 被引量: 154发表: 2003年 The Effects of Social Security on Private Savings: A Reappraisal of the Time Series Evidence Section ...