Pregnant womenSmoking according to self-report and to carbon monoxide (CO) were examined in 7,405 pregnant women who agreed to complete a breath test and questionnaire. The sensitivity and specificity of self-report against CO, and predictors of a high CO among reported nonsmokers, were ...
Nicotine gum and patches release nicotine into the bloodstream of the smoker who is trying to quit. Although these products can reduce withdrawal symptoms and decrease cravings in smokers who are trying to quit, the safety of these products hasn't been adequately evaluated in pregnant women. The ...
Smoking during pregnancy has many adverse effects on fetal development. A new study in mice by Andrea Jurisicova and colleagues at the University of Toronto, Canada, now adds the possibility that smoking before pregnancy or while breast-feeding might substantially decrease the fertility of female off...
H. (2012). Smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women: A call for extension to the postpartum period. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 16 (5), 937–940.Coleman-Cowger VH. Smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women: a call for extension to the post period. Maternal Child ...
women”是对“smoking”的一种特定情形的信息补充，即（“孕期妇女的”吸烟行为）。故“Smoking by pregnant women ”共同组成主语部分。类似用法例句：Smoking by these young people can hardly be considered a form of adolescent rebellion.这些年青人的吸烟行为很难被理解为一种青春期的反叛。
Smoking cigarettes causes many health problems, including cancers, heart disease, and lung disease. When a pregnant woman smokes, she puts herself and her baby at risk. Because thefetus, a developing infant in the mother'suterus(womb), is in contact with the mother's bloodstream, any chemical...
Just under 9 percent of women admitted tosmoking while pregnant, but markers for tobacco found in the urine suggested that 16.5 percent had high levels of nicotine exposure duringpregnancy. An additional 7.5 percent had low-level nicotine exposure, the study found. ...
摘要: The incidence of smoking was 29% in 350 pregnant women. Lower gestational weight gains, higher incidence of premature deliveries and caesarean sections, lower birth weight, higher incidence of pathology, but not hypertension, were found in the smoking group. 年份: 1986 收藏...
86% (121 of 141) of services completed the survey. Responding services were, on average, larger than non-responding services in terms of the number of pregnant women setting quit dates and successfully quitting (p < 0.01). In line with the 2010 NICE guidelines, Stop Smoking in Pregnancy...
Self-reported and serum cotinine-validated smoking in pregnant women in Estonia. Objectives: Although widely used in epidemiological studies, self-report has been shown to underestimate the prevalence of smoking among pregnant women. O... K Pärna,M Rahu,LD Youngman,... - 《Maternal & Child ...