We also considered effect estimates of smoking a single product exclusively versus never having smoked any product (reference group). Among never cigarette smokers, the odds ratio for ever cigar smoking was 2.54 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.93, 3.34), and the odds ratio for ever pipe ...
A possible explanation for the increased risks associated with a preference for wine or liquor is the disproportionately large number of heavier beer drinkers among women in the mixed category (reference group). Adjusting for cigarette smoking status and intensity in the total alcohol, beer, wine, ...
Cigarette smoking and disturbance of menstrual function. Epidemiology. 1998; 9 (2):193–198. [ PubMed ]Hornsby PP, Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR. Cigarette smoking and disturbance of menstrual function. Epidemiology. 1998; 9 (2):193–198.Hornsby PP, Wilcox AJ, Weinberg CR. Cigarette smoking and ...
The goal of the study was to investigate whether cigarette smoking alters oral and nasal microbial diversity, composition, and structure. Twenty-three current smokers and 20 never smokers were recruited. From each subject, nine samples including supra an
Cigarette Smoking Behavior and the Related Factors Among the Students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Iran Tobacco consumption is the second major cause of death and the fourth most common risk factor for diseases, worldwide. Epidemiologic studies have traced th... E Taheri,A Ghorbani...
Amid the recent furor over the issue of cigarette smoking by underage youth, the role of cigarette advertising and promotion continues to occupy a central position in this controversy. While smoking among white teens has increased slightly, leveled off, or decreased (depending upon which measure ...
HRs and 95% CIs for glioma according to smoking status and intensity Total (n ¼ 477 095) Cigarette smoking status Cases HR (95% CI)a Never Former Current 265 1.00 (Reference) 374 0.95 (0.81, 1.12) 65 0.83 (0.63, 1.09) Cigarette smoking intensity Never smoked 1–10 Cigarettes per ...
Increased frequency of sister chromatid exchanges in cigarette smokers The analysis of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) might be a useful technique for the study of genetic damage in humans exposed to environmental mutagens and... BO Lambert,A Lindblad,M Nordenskjöld,... - 《Hereditas》 被引量...
A smoking article such as a cigarette has a rod of smoking material wrapped in a wrapper of which the substantially uniform air permeability due to viscous flow is not more than 3 and preferably not more than 2 Coresta Units and of which the Do/t value is in the range of 0.08 to 0.65...
The short- and longrun price elasticities of cigarette demand are estimated at 0.28 and 0.73 respectively. Excise taxes are more likely to act as an effective tobacco control in the long-run rather than a major source of government revenue....