The other major type of slavery was productive slavery. It was relatively infrequent and occurred primarily in Classical Athenian Greece and Rome and in the post-Columbian circum-Caribbean New World. It also was found in 9th-century Iraq, among the Kwakiutl Indians of the American Northwest, and...
till though, in some places such as Pergamum, on the western coast of present day Turkey, the slave population may have been around 40,000 people, or 1/3 of the city's total population. At the height of theRoman Empirein the mid second century AD, some have estimated that the total ...
Slavery in early Roman history seems to have been of the same type as in Greece, but by the 1st cent. B.C., as the Roman Empire continued to expand, a form of agricultural slavery called estate slavery was introduced on a wide scale; in this form agriculture was pursued by large numbe...
So the experience of Ancient Greece and Rome and the antebellum Southern states of North America from the 17th to the 19th century, where enslavement was primarily for labour purposes, cannot be incorporated in a general definition of slavery. Patterson further questions the usual definition of ...
This changed with the Roman conquest (1st cenyury AD) and the Romanization of Celtic Britain. This declined after the Anglo-Saxon invasions (6th century), especully the Christianization of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. The Viking raids and conquests was in part slave raiding and trading (9th ...
Slavery in Europe The following works study slavery in Europe, including Russia, after the fall of the Roman Empire:Marc Bloch,Slavery and Serfdom in the Middle Ages: Selected Essays(1975; originally published in French, 1963);Pierre Dockès,Medieval Slavery and Liberation(1982; originally publishe...
Slavery existed in ancientIndia, where it is recorded in the SanskritLaws of Manuof the 1st centurybce. The institution was little documented until the British colonials in the 19th century made it an object of study because of their desire to abolish it. In 1841 there were an estimated eig...
Slaves could obtain their freedom by buying it, by being granted it in the owner's will, or as a reward for outstanding service.Slavery in early Roman history seems to have been of the same type as in Greece, but by the 1st cent. B.C., as the Roman Empire continued to expand, a...
its laws, and thus only a few codes can be mentioned here. The ancient Mesopotamian laws ofEshnunna(c.1900bce) and theCode of Hammurabihad a number of articles devoted to slavery, as did the Pentateuch. In ancientIndiatheLaws of Manuof the 1st centurybcecontained numerous laws on slaves...