also made with the design procedure recommended by ASHRAE Handbook--Systems and Equipment (ASHRAE 2008) for calculating panel surface temperature, heating tube outer wall temperature, downward and edge heat losses, and heating tube water average temperature for in-floor-heated slab-on-grade floors. ...
Sub-grade: the material at formation level after excavating or infilling; 2. Sub-base: selected imported granular material to form a stable level surface on which to construct the slab. Where lean-mix concrete is not used the surface is normally blinded with sharp sand; 3. Slip membrane: se...
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However, there are three number cross-girder for effective spans up to 16.5 m. and four number cross-girder for effective spans of 18.75 to 24.75 m. The design is based on M20 grade concrete and S 415 grade steel. Important details of these bridges are given in Table 8.1 and 8.2. Relat...
discussed in section6.3. Each model consists of a concrete slab with conventional steel re-bars of 8 mm diameter at 100 mm c/c in both directions on tension face only, supporting I-beams on the eight rectangular steel columns, and a cylindroconical impactor made ofcarbon steelof grade CK45...
Much further work is needed before the model can realize its full potential as a predictive tool for design, improvement, and control of continuous casting operations. For example, the model simulates only time-averaged behavior, while, in reality, many phenomena, especially involving the slag ...
Results demonstrate that the target reliability index requirements under design provisions can be achieved. The sensitivity analysis of stochastic variables was then conducted, and the impact of that analysis on structural reliability was deeply examined. Keywords: reliability analysis; RC slab-column ...
Composite slab systems have become increasingly popular over the last few decades because of the advantages of merging the two building materials, profiled steel sheets and concrete. The profiled composite slab’s performance depends on the composite interaction at the longitudinal direction of the con...
19. Slab On Grade Or Grade Slab: Slab on grade slab also known as the grade slab is constructed on the ground level and mostly supported by the soil or earth below it. Most of the ground floor slabs are grade slabs. Before the grade slabs are constructed, the base layer of the earth...
it has been the practice to taper the ends of the slab for Brewster angle coupling as in FIG. 1a. This gives an input and output beam path that is parallel to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the slab and permits an in-line resonator design. It also affords flexibility in selection...