REIF W-E ( 1982 ) Evolution of dermal skeleton and dentition in vertebrates: odontode-regulation theoy . Evolutionary Biology 15 , 287 – 368 .Reif, W-E. 1982a . Evolution of dermal skeleton and dentition in vertebrates: the odontode regulation theory. Evolutionary Biology 15: 287 – 368...
namely bones, they have attracted the interest of comparative anatomists since even before the dawn of the concept of evolution [2]. In addition, because bones can be preserved as fossils, comparative research
Rather, the relative positions of bony elements may be conserved, and homologies of bony elements have been retained, with opportunistic changes in the mechanisms and cell lineages of development. 展开 关键词: Vertebrate Skeleton Evolution Development Homology ...
The evolution of a highly developed nervous system is mirrored by the ability of individual neurons to develop increased morphological complexity. As microtubules (MTs) are crucially involved in neuronal development, we tested the hypothesis that the evo
In Invertebrates the hard, supporting structures of the body are mainly exoskeletal, in Vertebrates they are mainly endoskeletal; but the endoskeleton includes, especially in the skull, a number of elements, the dermal or membrane bones, which are shown by development to have been originally of ...
Morphological novelty in the limb skeleton accompanies miniaturization in salamanders. Salamanders of the genus Thorius (Plethodontidae) are among the smallest tetrapods. Hypotheses of limb skeletal evolution in these vertebrates were evaluated on the basis of estimates of natural variation, comparisons of...
forelimb bones Bones of the forelimb of select vertebrates, showing homologies as well as variations... Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. evolution of the horse Evolution of the horse over the past 55 million years. The present-day Przewalski's... ...
The mandibular arch (the first visceral arch) forms the jaw in chondrichthyans. It is divided into two parts, the dorsal palatoquadrate (upper jaw) and the ventral Meckel’s cartilage (lower jaw). The palatoquadrate and Meckel’s cartilage changed shape many times during the evolution of ...
Paleoanthropology has less information on the evolution of the arms, but based on existing data it can be assumed that the modern type of human hand developed in the late stages of anthropogenesis among the progressive forms of ancient peoples (Palaeoanthropus). The same situation is probably tr...
The colinearity of expression of the Hox genes has been conserved during evolution, while the number of Hox genes, and therefore the complexity of the specific combinations of Hox genes expressed along the anteroposterior axis, has increased in parallel with the increased complexity of the organisms...