This representation can be achieved using the well-known trigonometric identity for the difference of two arguments of a cosine function: (2.22)cos(x−y)=cos(x)cos(y)+sin(x)sin(y) Based on this identity, the equation for a sinusoid can be written as: (2.23)Ccos(2πft−θ)=Ccos...
Function Symmetries Function NameSymmetryCoefficient Values Even x(t) = x(−t) bm = 0 Odd x(t) = −x(−t) am = 0 Half-wave x(t) = x(t − t/2) am = bm = 0; for m even Example 3.1 Find the Fourier series of the triangle waveform shown in Figure 3.8. The equation...
Consequently, DSMC can be implanted in varicose veins as a new treatment to preserve excellent blood flow in human legs from the original place to avoid tissue damage and other problems. Keywords: descending sinusoidal microchannel (DSMC); varicose vein; fuzzy logic; ANSYS; biomedical microdevice;...
If these are N1 and N2, and if E2/E1 ≪ 1 (in practice E2/E1 < 0.1), we may use the approximate relation √3E2E1≃N2−N1N⋅ The resonance method is generally simpler to use experimentally than the free vibration method and can be employed when the damping of the system is ...
IEEE Standard C57.110–1986 describes recommended practice for establishing transformer capability when supplying non-sinusoidal load currents. IEC Standard 61000, part three, describes harmonic limits in MV and HV power systems. IEEE standards describes as function of ratio of short circuit level and ...
SOS/VOD severity was also grading according to the 2016 EBMT criteria [28], based on the level of bilirubin and its rate of change, liver function (transaminase), weight increase, renal function, and the kinetics of their onset. This grading system is divided into 5 categories, as in the...
These can be seen in the bias curves in Figure 2, which show 𝑒𝒦eK and 𝑒𝒳eX as a function of bin offset Δ𝒦ΔK for a length-4096 Hann window. Figure 2. Mean and worst-case of absolute value of errors for each method as a function of bin offset. (a) nearest bin ...
4. Proposed Method: XQIFFT The QIFFT fits a parabola to the magnitude spectrum directly, however, it is possible to implement variations of the QIFFT where we fit parabolas to a magnitude spectrum scaled by a nonlinear function f(Θ) = Φ. To qualify as a scaling, the function f needs...
In light of the problems of slow convergence speed, insufficient optimization accuracy and easy falling into local optima in the sparrow search algorithm, this paper proposes an adaptive sinusoidal-disturbance-strategy sparrow search algorithm (ASDSSA) a
To obtain the MTPA point, the most common practice is to calculate it by substituting nominal motor parameters into the MTPA Equation (4). However, such a practice may result in large MTPA control deviation due to the neglect of motor parameter variations [14]. 𝑖𝑑=𝜓𝑓2(𝐿...