This problem is solved on the lagging strand by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase called a primase, which, like other RNA polymerases, can initiate synthesis de novo without the need for a 3′OH group. In eukaryotes, all DNA chains are started by a complex of DNA polymerase α and a ...
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, the most abundant viruses of eukaryotes in nature, require the synthesis of negative-sense RNA (−RNA) using their genomic (positive-sense) RNA (+RNA) as a template for replication. Based on current evidence, viral proteins are translated ...
Positive-sense single strand RNA virus ((+) ssRNA virusReporter systemRecombinant virusRepliconProteaseReplicaseCell-based reporter systems have facilitated studies of viral replication and pathogenesis, virus detection, and drug susceptibility testing. There are three types of cell-based reporter systems ...
Total RNA was extracted from treated cells with TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, USA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, and the first-strand cDNA was synthesized using the ABScript II cDNA First-Strand Synthesis Kit (ABclonal, China). Relative quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed using 2X...
The placenta is crucial for fetal development, yet the impact of environmental stressors such as arsenic exposure remains poorly understood. We apply single-cell RNA sequencing to analyze the response of the mouse placenta to arsenic, revealing cell-type-specific gene expression, function, and pathol...
Since the RNA Pol II transcriptional complex binds to the DNA and synthesizes mRNA transcripts in a 5’ to 3’ direction by transcribing the antisense (template) strand, we hypothesized that CHEX-seq probes might be preferentially bound to the potentially more accessible sense strand, giving ...
a, UMAP representation of single-cell RNA sequencing data from mCherry-positive tumour cells (n = 61,303 cells from 30 tumours, 2 mice).b, Visualization of tumour cell-type-specific marker gene expression by Nebulosa density plots on the mCherry-positive tumour UMAP ina.c, UMAP represen...
Single cell RNA sequencing AP: Anterior prostate VDLP: Ventral/dorsal/lateral prostate UMAP: Uniform manifold approximation and projection EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition WT: Wild type DEGs: Differentially expressed genes GO: Gene ontology tSNE: T-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding...
Single-strand RNA (ssRNA) Fiersviridae phages cause host lysis with a product of single gene (sgl for single-gene lysis; product Sgl) that induces autolysis. Many different Sgls have been discovered, but the molecular targets of only a few have been iden
indicated with the names of the corresponding RNA clones if presented in the tree. The list of dominant mutations is shown on the right; navy and gray colors indicate the presence of a point mutation and deletion, respectively. An enlarged view of the list is presented in Supplementary Fig....