A Simple Method to Calculate the Error Probability of Multiuser Multi-Antenna Receivers Over Frequency RayleighBeamformingDirection of Arrival (DoABERRayleigh fadingMUISmart or adaptive antennas promise to provide significant increases in system capacity and performance in wireless communication systems. ...
How to Find the Probability of an Event? It is easiest to calculate the probability of an event when all the outcomes are equally likely. Assuming this is true, the formula below gives the probability of an event. Probability=Number of favorable outcomesTotal number of outcomes For example...
where ℏ(𝜙𝑖)ℏ(ϕi) indicates the probability of 𝜙𝑖ϕi. The maximum entropy value for a truly random source is 8, and the closer the entropy of the encrypted image is to 8, the better the cryptographic quality. In the proposed method, the entropy value is equal to 7.9...
The correlation coefficient formula explained in plain English. How to find Pearson's r by hand or using technology. Step by step videos. Simple definition.
You can use .5 + .5 * errorFunction(x / Math.sqrt(2)) to calculate the probability instead of looking it up in a table. cumulativeStdNormalProbability(z: number): number Parameters z (number) Returns number: cumulative standard normal probability kernel...
Many animal species divide space into a patchwork of home ranges, yet there is little consensus on the mechanisms individuals use to maintain fidelity to particular locations. Theory suggests that animal movement could be based upon simple behavioural ru
Simple way to calculate Customer Lifetime Value Analyzing the customer lifetime value of the financial project is one of the best ways to make informed decisions. Calculation of CLV can help you understand which customer segment is more profitable than others and which customer is worth targeting....
This function is equivalent to the var_samp function. Syntax variance(x) Parameters Parameter Description x The value of this parameter is of the double or bigint type. Return value type The double type. Examples Calculate the sample variance and population variance of pretax incomes and ...
way we refer to computer memory capacity. If your computer’s hard drive can store 8 gigabytes, it can hold 8 billion 8-bit strings of 1’s and 0’s. A convention in computer science is to refer to 8 bits as a “byte.” A million bytes is a megabyte, a billion bytes is a ...
--do_mlm: Whether to use the MLM auxiliary objective. If True: --mlm_weight: Weight for the MLM objective. --mlm_probability: Masking rate for the MLM objective. All the other arguments are standard Huggingface'stransformerstraining arguments. Some of the often-used arguments are:--output_...