Fundamental problems faced by the protocells and their modern descendants include how to go from one phenotypic state to another; escape from a basin of attraction in the space of phenotypes; reconcile conflicting growth and survival strategies (and ther
” His model was revolutionary. As Columbia professor (and founder of the National Bureau of Economic Research) Wesley Mitchell stated, “Adam Smith did for economics in many ways like what Charles Darwin did for biology…a new framework.”1...
Naturally, as these stories go, the plot twist is the catalyst for ending the relationship—in this case Arissa is not who she thinks she is, and when her memory is restored she realizes that she's married. I saw that one coming about a mile away, but it works okay here, nonetheless....
The first of these fundamental problems is how to generate reproducible, coherent phenotypes from a large number of effectively different molecules. In modern cells, this number runs into thousands - if not millions –if genes and other nucleic acid sequences are considered as separate entities, if...
The influences of catalysts on reactions are drawn as dashed arrows in the diagrams that represent RAF sets [20–23]. The way these influences operate is left unspecified. In contrast, in the cyclic process framework, the mechanism by which the catalyst participates in the process is specified....