To better determine the difficulty of multiple-choice questions, we quantified the difficulty of test questions and used the similarity between the distractors of multiple-choice questions and the correct answers as the influencing factor of the difficulty of test questions. We also improved upon the...
The one-way ANOVA analysis of variance with Tukey’s post hoc test among multiple groups and Student’s t-test was used for statistical significance calculation. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS statistical software (version 22.0) and GraphPad Prism 8.0.1. All P values were two-...
Firstly, the branch of the fault is determined by the SVM fault branch selection method, which avoids the traversal of the whole network branch, reduces the location range, and reduces the calculation amount. Then, the fault location parameter λ is solved by using the fault location similarity...
Methods Signature score calculation A signature is defined as a set of genes associated with some biological function or measured perturbation. Signatures may besignedin which there are two sets of genes, a positive set\({G}_{\mathrm{{{pos}}}\)and a negative set\({G}_{\mathrm{{{neg}}...
The calculation of CIS values is computationally demanding because of the number of similarity calculations for, first, similarity matrices for each data type and second, CIS calculations between data types. CIS is a consensus metric and so requires iterations of all the similarity calculations. For...
A general approach for the calculation of the correction of drop height was derived depending on the scale factor. Complementary numerical calculations showed that the influence of a drop height adaptation becomes more important with larger scale factors. Furthermore it is shown that, the adaptation ...
The calculation of clusters for chroma and timbre features provides additional information to the system. Although earlier experiments with MLR show small improvements for 4-cluster features, the simpler averaging features show more stable results while there was no significant difference in the overall ...
The Hurst parameter is a dimensionless factor used to estimate the presence and magnitude of the self-similarity property. It is a measure not only for self-similarity, but also for the statistical properties that self-similarity entails (see below). Estimations of the Hurst parameter are useful...
The single distance similarity calculation considers only{Ex}and{En}in the cloud model, but does not consider{He}. This algorithm therefore leads to some errors in the results. To reduce the experimental error,{He}must be properly introduced into the calculation. ...
The calculation of the RaoQ values, where the HQ: Rao’s quadratic entropy, the pi: relative abundance of taxa i, the pj: relative abundance of taxa j, the dij: difference between taxa i and taxa j, the n: total number of taxa and the i,j: indices representing individual taxa. b ...