The shoulder blades attach the upper arm and upper back muscles that raise your arms and shoulders and bend your neck backwards or sideways. Scapula Location Shoulder blades lie behind and medially to the shoulders, over the rib cage on each side of the spine; together with the clavicles, t...
Fig. 7.16 Posterior muscles of the shoulder and arm. (From Schuenke M, Schulte E. General Anatomy and the Musculoskeletal System: Thieme Atlas of Anatomy. New York: Thieme; 2005. Illustration by Karl Wesker.)Fig. 7.17 Posterior muscles of the shoulder and arm. (From Schuenke M, Schulte ...
Diagram showing theWright and Cofield classificationof peri-prosthetic fractures of the humerus. Type A fractures are centred near the tip and extend proximally. Type B fractures are centred at the tip with variable extension distally. Type C fra...
The front head of the shoulder flexes and rotates the arm inward. The anterior delts play a major role in bench pressing, other chest training, and usually get stimulated from triceps and biceps training. This is typically one of the most overdeveloped muscles for traditional weight lifters, w...
213]. Four studies used fine wire electromyography (fwEMG) to record biceps brachii muscle activity [20,23,25,51]. Seven studies used a combination of both sEMG and fwEMG for recording activity of the biceps brachii and other shoulder muscles, such as the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles [...
increasing range of motion, enhancing stability of the rotator cuff muscles, and correcting scapulohumeral rhythm [24,25]. Recent evidence unveiled that there was no significant difference in reducing pain and improving physical function between physiotherapy and surgery for adults with shoulder pain [...
Shoulder stability is provided by the synergy of static and dynamic factors such as ligaments, labrum, and periarticular muscles [2]. Current evidence supports reaching a consensus on an active management approach to glenohumeral instability, which should be grounded in conservative treatment ...
This way, the muscle forces were calculated with respect to the joint torques. Since the number of the muscles that drive the joints is greater than the degrees of freedom of the arm, the case belongs to the class of ill-posed problems. The distribution of the muscle forces was calculated...
Background There is a lack of standardized tests that assess functional performance for sustained upper extremity activity. This study describes development of a new test for measuring functional performance of the upper extremity and neck and assesses reliability and concurrent validity in patients with...
Develop serious games (video games) so that the patient can focus on their rehabilitation process and find it entertaining or fun [38]. Monitor myoelectric signals with surface myoelectric sensors to reduce the improvement time of the affected muscles by proposing rehabilitation routines that help in...