A note on error bars as a graphical representation of the variability of data in biomedical research: choosing between standard deviation and standard erro... Standard deviation (SD) and standard error of the mean (SEM) have been applied widely as error bars in scientific plots. Unfortunately, ...
SEM (standard error of the mean). This produced impressively small "error bars" in graphic representations, but were often misleading, especially when dealing with small sample sizes. Most journals therefore urged a change to standard deviation (?SD), which has almost entirely replaced SEM in ...
For each trial children could score 1 point for selecting the correct cup, creating a maximum score of 3 per format. The mean correct scores per format are presented in Figure4with error bars representing 95% confidence intervals. The graph illustrates that children achieved the highest scores wi...