Electronic cigarettes (with and without nicotine) mainstream aerosols were analyzed;Particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured;Nitric oxide exhaled by smokers before and after smoking/vaping was evaluated;Alveolar and tracheobronchial doses of particle for a single puff were estimat...
The cigarette consumption parameter was defined as an estimated total amount of nicotine (in milligrams). In TP1 and TP3, this parameter considered the nicotine consumed, per week, during the month prior to the academic festivities. TP2 reflected the nicotine consumed during the academic festivities...
Study participants were more likely to stop smoking when using nicotine e-cigarettes (43/489, 9 %) versus placebo e-cigarettes (8/173, 5 %); however, this difference was not statistically significant (RR 2.02; 95 % CI 0.97, 4.22). The pooled effect estimates for the desire to smoke (...
"The implication of this study is that longer term use, increased daily use and the addition of flavors and nicotine may promote additional inflammation," says Shields. "The general perception among the public is that e-cigs are 'safer' than cigarettes. The reality is the industry is changing...
摘要: (2014). Toxicological evaluation of aerosols of a tobacco extract formulation and nicotine formulation in acute and short-term inhalation studies. Inhalation Toxicology: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 207-221. doi: 10.3109/08958378.2013.878005
NicotineAdolescentBackground Tobacco smoking is associated with alcohol drinking and consumption of both drugs typically begins during adolescence. Since anxiety is considered a relevant factor for both smoking and drinking due to its motivating force for a continued consumption, anxiety alterations shared ...
A commercially-available cigarette was used (White Shark; Tobacco Company, China), and according to manufacturer's specifications, each cigarette contained 1 mg nicotine and 13 mg tar. CS exposure was performed according to previously described methods[7–9]. Briefly, the whole body of mice (n...
Silicon (Si) has been known to regulate plant growth; however, the underlying mechanisms of short-term exogenous Si application on the regulation of calcium (Ca) and nitrogen (N), endogenous phytohormones, and expression of essential proteins have been little understood. ...
All of these deleteriously disturbed outcomes can induce physical, psychological, and social difficulties, which exert a negative effect on health‑related quality of life [8] in short and long-term [9]. For these reasons, there is a critical need for strategies before and after lung ...
PRS34 NICOTINE REPLACEMENT THERAPY AND THE MAINE TOBACCO HELPLINE: KNOWLEDGE, UTILIZATION PATTERNS, SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES. AND SATISFACTION AMONG SMOKERSdoi:10.1016/S1098-3015(10)70882-2C Tworek and A Haskins and S WoodsValue in Health