Short-term respiratory effects of e-cigarettes in healthy individuals and smokers with asthma. Respirology 2018;23:291-7. doi:10.1111/ resp.13180.Lappas AS, Tzortzi AS, Konstantinidi EM, Teloniatis SI, Tzavara CK, Gennimata SA, Koulouris, NG, Behrakis, PK. Short-term respiratory effects...
Electronic cigarettes (with and without nicotine) mainstream aerosols were analyzed;Particle number concentrations and size distributions were measured;Nitric oxide exhaled by smokers before and after smoking/vaping was evaluated;Alveolar and tracheobronchial doses of particle for a single puff were estimat...
Discussion: Short-term use of IQOSTM has a minimal impact on eCO, is equally effective in reducing cigarette craving and withdrawal symptoms as an e-cigarette, and is slightly preferred. 展开 关键词: electronic cigarettes heat-not-burn tobacco products tobacco harm reduction DOI: 10.3390/...
measuring their belief in the potential short and long-term consequences of both cigarettes and electronic cigarettes (commonly referred to as vapes), intentions to smoke or vape, and current use.
(1989). A vital dye release method for assessing the short-term cytotoxic effects of chemicals and formulations. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals (ATLA),... SJ Reader,V Blackwell,R O'Hara,... - 《Alternatives to Laboratory Animals Atla》 被引量: 53发表: 1989年 The Cytotoxic Effects of ...
"The implication of this study is that longer term use, increased daily use and the addition of flavors and nicotine may promote additional inflammation," says Shields. "The general perception among the public is that e-cigs are 'safer' than cigarettes. The reality is the industry is changing...
Medium-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple vital organs, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health, post-hospital discharge. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;31:100683. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100683PubMedGoogle Scholar 39. Shah AS, Wong AW, Hague CJ...
The primary aim of this experimental investigation was to examine the effects of short-term dietary restriction on caloric consumption in eating disordered... CF Telch,SW Agras - 《Appetite》 被引量: 90发表: 1996年 The effect of food deprivation on the reinforcing value of food and smoking in...
cigarettes to cause damage; it can start with the first cigarette. Joanne: There are many short-term health effects of smoking. A major consequence is decreased lung function. This often leads to shortness of breath, constant cough and tiring easily during exercise. Smoking also reduces the abi...
Tip: avoid using the term “dyspnoea” when speaking with patients. Instead, use patient-friendly synonyms such as shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, or breathlessness. Try to match the patient’s terminology. Open vs closed questions ...