in which |G*| is the norm of complex shear modulus, G′ is storage modulus (real component of complex shear modulus), and G″ is loss modulus (imaginary component of complex shear modulus) (Kim, 2009). The complex viscosity (η*) is another important output of the frequency sweep test...
{\omega }}}\)) of 30 km in a homogeneous half-space, the stress drop (\(\triangle \sigma\)) can be determined using the formula21 \(\tfrac{2}{\pi }\mu \left(\tfrac{\bar{D}}{\omega }\right)\), where \(\mu\) represents the shear modulus (3.0E + 10 N m-2...
For calculations, shear modulus was treated as a complex quantity ( G (0) = G 0 (1 + i蔚 )), where 蔚 is a small positive constant. Results of calculations for surface displacements induced by vertical and horizontal acting point forces on the surface of the half-space are presented ...
we obtain the complex shear modulusG*, which is defined as the ratio of stress to strain and is represented by the complex sum of the storage modulusG′ and the loss modulusG″, that is,G*=G′+G″. WhileG′ represents the measure of the bridge resistance to being deformed elastically...
In complex notation, the normal components of F around the boundary of a disk of radius r > 0 are given by Frr(r, θ) + iFrθ(r, θ), where Frr is the radial component and Frθ is the angular component. We can expand (Frr + iFrθ)|∂BR+ in a Fourier series as ∞ (Frr ...
As the connecting component of I-beam and UHPC, the stud is the basis of the cooperative work of each component, and is crucial to the stability and safety of the structure. To further study the shear behavior of studs in I-beam-UHPC composite structures, the push-out test was carried ...
4 Size distribution of spheres used for testing Table 1 Parameters used in DEM simulations Parameter Density (kg/m3) Young modulus (GPa) Poisson's ratio Value 7833.34 200 0.28 influence of the initial configuration, five different samples are generated, which vary in height between 0.217 m and ...
proposed an 8-node shell element-MITC8 to avoid membrane and shear locking problem. The strain tensor was expressed in terms of the covariant components and contravariant base vectors. The performance of this element was quite satisfying and suggested as the promising results in very complex shell...
Note that it is assumed within the Steinberg–Guinan model that the temperature dependence of the material strength is the same as that of the shear modulus (thus, the coefficient of the temperature-dependent term in Eq. (63) is the same as that in Eq. (62)). As outlined above, even ...
Ecm is the elastic modulus of concrete When high strength concrete is used, the design resistance of the connector will be governed by the design shear resistance of the stud rather than by the concrete bearing resistance. Shear connectors other than the stud type, such as weld beads, welded ...