The fraction of shaded-to-total GPP increases from 42.0% to 43.2% with a trend of 0.02%/year (p < 0.01) during the same time frame. The shaded GPP fractions are slightly larger than the 39% found in a previous study (Chen et al., 2012). This change is due to an increase of ...
The shaded fractions were calculated for each orientation of the envelope, with the movement directions of the kinetic façade classified into the longitudinal, rotational, and opening/closing directions according to operation mode. A shaded fraction estimation equation having a movement step (β) as...