Terms and definitions used to describe equity, diversity and inclusion in relation to sexual orientation and gender identity in Codes of Conduct for academic conferences. Extended Data Fig. 2 Supplementary table showing types of discrimination identified in Codes of Conduct for international ecology and...
Whilst sex refers to differences between males and females at the biological level, gender refers to the characteristics commonly associated with being male or female. This study examines the importance of gender identity to understand differences in adolescent's academic motivation and classroom ...
Later in the century, gender also came to have application in two closely related compound terms: gender identity refers to a person's internal sense of being male, female, some combination of male and female, or neither male nor female; gender expression refers to the physical and behavioral...
Despite feminist understandings of the socially constructed nature of sex and gender and anthropological studies of alternative constructions, western societies tend to understand sex and gender in terms of mutually-exclusive hierarchical categories. We analyze the process by which a heteronormative sex-gen...
This article identifies differences between sex, gender identity, and gender role attitudes. Using measures of these constructs, data were collected in a field study of Christmas shopping behaviors. Alternative measurement and multivariate regression models were estimated. The results showed the models bes...
Many species with separate male and female individuals (termed ‘gonochorism’ in animals) have sex-linked genome regions. Here, we investigate evolutionary changes when genome regions become completely sex-linked, by analyses of multiple species of flat
An incongruence between one's physiological sex and the gender identity that is one's basic sense of self as a man or a woman is known as gender identity disorder. In general, the conditions of physiological men having female gender identity and physiological women having male gender identity ...
This paper investigates whether gender identity, or the extent to which an individual identifies with socially constructed sex roles, moderates the influence of sex on typically male and female ad preferences. We distinguish primary from secondary ad stimuli. Universally, men prefer young women and wo...
The identification of receptors that detect gender-specific odors is a long-standing objective in olfactory research due to its potential to facilitate investigations of conspecific communication and sex-specific behaviors in mammals40,61. We have found evidence that several of the ORs and VRs identifi...
However, the aforementioned US and Italian studies found such a gap only for gay men and not for lesbian women, possibly resulting from gender differences in structural opportunities to realize parenting desires. Riskind and Patterson (2010) find that G&L individuals - even if they do not ...