In order to find out if the presence of females can select for male individuals when sex determination is nuclear—cytoplasmic, we followed the evolution of alleles responsible for female sterility. These alleles can be at the preceding loci or at a third locus. We show that male individuals ...
Despite enormous scientific effort, the evolution of increased cognitive abilities is still puzzling in some respects. Benefits of e.g. associative learning e.g.1, social competence2, or tool-use e.g.3,4 are easy to comprehend and numerous examples of such abilities are found in diverse taxa...