In 1865, Confederate War veterans gathered in Tennessee and formed theKu Klux Klan(KKK). The KKK operated throughout the South, engaging in violence against black people and in opposition to changes enacted during the Reconstruction Era.
Three Constitutional Amendments of paramount importance to African-Americans which were enacted during the Reconstruction era following the Civil War; Overview of post-war graduate school cases; Impact of residential segregation on school desegregation.Ware, Leland...
Initially after the war, during the recon-struction era (1865–1876), the former Confederate states were placed under federal military control. During this time African Americans were able to register to vote and to be elected to state and local government posts. This period was also marked by...
Senator, he told the National Colored Democratic Association, “The Negroes’ flag is our flag, and he stands ready, just as we do, to defend it against all foes from within and without.” Truman’s sharpening views on civil rights during his first term as president divided the Democratic ...
Schools in the United States remain heavily segregated by race and income. Previous work demonstrates districts can promote group diversity within their schools with policies like redrawing attendance zones. Yet, the promise of such policies in many area
Book review: redefining rape: sexual violence in the era of suffrage and segregation by Estelle B. FreedmanRape has never had a universally accepted definition, and the uproar over "legitimate rape" during the 2012 U.S. elections ... BE Baker - Blog post from London School of Economics & ...
We analyse age segregation in hirings and separations using linked employer-employee data from Finland in the period 1990-2004. This allows us to identify at the firm level employees in different age groups that have been hired during the previous year, and employees who have exited the firms....
Plessy v.Fergusonwas a landmark 1896 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine. What is de facto segregation? During racial integration efforts in schools during the 1960's, “de facto segregation” was a term ...
Massey and Denton’s famous examination of racial segregation in major US cities during the 1980s was also extremely influential for later scholarship on immigration and the social geography of urban areas. Particularly since the 1980s, research in geography has used census data to map and ...
with the Emancipation Proclamation during the war, and the Thirteenth Amendment shortly after.[2] Following the war, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens, and Congress established the Freedmen's Bureau to assist the integr...