This is an example of positive reinforcement. The food reward is a primary reinforcer, because the animal needs food to survive. The sound of the click is a secondary reinforcer, because it's a neutral stimulus that becomes conditioned through the process of associative learning. As a ...
Psychology definition for Secondary Reinforcement in normal everyday language, edited by psychologists, professors and leading students. Help us get better.
modifications must be made to account for expected differences in developmental level and degree of independence. For example, token reinforcement and/or response cost systems must be modified in several ways. First, the adolescent should be involved in “negotiating” the specific responsibilities and...
reinforcement, empathy, and be implemented early on, a method that has been successful for young people with callous-unemotional traits (a precursor of psychopathic traits; White et al.,2013). Our results suggest that encouraging good friendships early on (building empathetic listening and other-ori...
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 15, 338–346. Article PubMed Google Scholar Hovland, C. I. (1937). The generalization of conditioned responses: IV. The effects of varying the amounts of reinforcement upon the degree of generalization of conditioned responses. ...
Question: An alternative explanation for an outcome is known as a/an: a. confound. b. confederate. c. null hypothesis. d. secondary explanation. Alternative Explanation An alternative explanation is a term used to explain the result of somethin...
Psychologists spent decades analyzing behaviors in terms of how animals respond to stimuli by recording in extreme detail which specific stimuli or schedules of reinforcement produced which responses, but then the drive reduction theorists attempted to ...
When compared to modeling, where the adult children talked about teaching as "showing" the parent how to use the computer, reinforcement evoked a different metaphor for the informants. Under reinforcement, the informants discussed that they decided to let the parent "drive" as much as possible,...
c. self-reinforcement. d. self-actualization. The main influence of evolutionary theory upon psychology came through ___. (a) radical behaviorism (b) sociobiology (c) cognitive science (d) research on the instinctual drift. Which theory of a...
These include knowing that the model was previously reinforced for the behavior, being offered an incentive to perform, or observing the model receiving reinforcement for the behavior. These factors can also be negative motivations. For instance, if the observer knew that the model was punished for...