These data in conjunction with published crystal structure data allowed them to propose a model where ESI-07 binds at the interface of the two cAMP-binding domains, locking EPAC2 in an autoinhibited conformation. This mechanism would not be effective for EPAC1 because it has only one cAMP-...
(1) each exists in very low concentrations under basal conditions; (2) the level increases in response to an extracellular stimulus, i.e., first messenger; (3) rapid regulation occurs following elevation; and (4) its presence is a rate-limiting factor in the cell's response to the ...
The model gives a reasonable fit to important aspects of experimentally measured metabolic and second messenger concentrations and provides a framework for analyzing the role of metabolic, hormones and neurotransmitters changes on insulin secretion. Our analysis of the dynamic data provides support for ...
The biology and medicine of signal transduction: Advances in second messenger and phosphoprotein research, vol. 24. series edited by P. Greengard and G. A... The influence of nozzle position on the performance of an ejector was analyzed qualitatively with free jet flow model. Experimental invest...
The influence of nozzle position on the performance of an ejector was analyzed qualitatively with free jet flow model. Experimental investigations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the nozzle position of the subsonic ejector were also conducted. The results show that there is an ...
Cyclic diadenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is secreted by bacteria as a secondary messenger. How immune cells detect c-di-AMP and initiate anti-bacterial immunity remains unknown. We found that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane adaptor ERAdP acts as a direct sensor for c-di-AMP. ERA...
First, EGFR transactivation by GPCRs appears to require a second messenger directly and/or signal transduction pathways operated by second messengers, such as elevation of intracellular Ca2+ (11), activation of protein kinase C (12), and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (13). In ...
Signal transduction systems enable organisms to monitor their external environments and accordingly adjust the cellular processes. In mast cells, the second messenger Ap4A binds to the histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1), disrupts its interaction with the microphthalmia-associated transcrip...
Metabolism of (p)ppGpp. SpoT, a bifunctional enzyme inC. crescentus, catalyzes both the synthesis and hydrolysis of (p)ppGpp Full size image Fig. 5 Diagram of our second messenger model. Glutamine (Gln) acts as the nitrogen signal, which regulates the phosphorylation state of PTSNtrenzymes....
Typically, these techniques recover single-cell transcriptomes for thousands of cells at once by leveraging reverse-emulsion droplets or picowells to isolate individual cells with uniquely barcoded poly-dT oligonucleotides, which can then capture and tag cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) during reverse ...