In this review, we discuss the various forms and causes of second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block and the reasons they remain poorly understood. Both type I and type II block characterize block of a single sinus P wave. Type I block describes visible, differing, and generally decremental ...
Type I second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block describes visible, differing, and generally decremental AV conduction. The literature contains numerous differing definitions of second-degree AV block, especially Mobitz type II second-degree AV block. The widespread use of numerous disparate definitions ...
While Multiple cases of atrioventricular (AV) conduction blocks including first degree AV block, Mobitz type I and third degree AV blocks have been previously reported, we hereby present the first case report of cocaine- induced Mobitz type II second degree AV block. This case occurred in a 55...
The atrioventricular (AV) node is a complex structure. Anatomic descriptions of the AV node remain a subject of debate and significant gaps remain in the understanding of AV node physiology, despite the increased evidence with molecular data. Despite the
With second degree (or incomplete) AV block, some impulses are conducted to the ventricles (P wave followed by a QRS), while others are not (P wave not associated with a QRS). There are two types of second degree AV Block:Type I and Type II...
1) While it is possible only one type of second-degree AV block exists electrophysiologically, the available data do not justify such a conclusion and it would seem more appropriate to remain a "splitter," and advocate separation and definition of multiple mechanisms, than to be a "lumper,"...
Second-degree AV block includes a variety of conduction patterns of variable prognostic significance. Careful analysis of the pattern of PR and R-R intervals, the QRS axis and duration, as well as the presence or absence of structural should allow the medical director to assess the applicant's...
Once an AV block has been identified, the cardiologist should be consulted for management. Pearls and Other Issues It can often be challenging to separate the two types of second-degree AV blocks. A rhyme is often used to remember type I or Wenckebach: “longer, longer, longer, DROP, now...
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The additional independent prognostic importance of AV block was shown, especially in combination with reduced ejection fraction or a high incidence of ventricular pairs. In conclusion, the most important finding was that the presence of first- or second-degree AV block was an independent factor in...