Consequently, the model could classify the quality of the weld seam in relation to its UTS using only an image of the weld seam. Five distinct convolutional neural networks (CNNs) were employed to form the heterogeneous ensemble deep learning model in the proposed model. In addition, image ...
Figure 7 provides an isometric view of the welding process as well as the buttonhole emergence along a weld path of about 10 mm. A keyhole is visible prior to the emergence of the buttonhole. The second frame shows a small buttonhole in its early form as well as its growth from the ...