Neuroinflammationin MS is perhaps the result of multiple stressors includingoxidative stress(reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species), energy deficiencies, ionic imbalances, mitochondrialinjury, and the failure of regenerative mechanisms, present in all MS stages[92]. The degenerative process...
Involvement of the cerebral cortex may contribute to neurologic and cognitive impairment, particularly in advanced disease stages, as a result of axon and dendrite transection, synapse loss, and neuron apoptosis. Cortical lesions differ from white matter plaques in several aspects. The lesions are ...
The assessment of disease activity in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is challenging owing to its heterogeneous manifestations across multiple organ systems, the variable rate of disease progression and regression, and the relative paucity of patients in early-phase therapeutic trials. Despite some recent succes...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most frequent inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The underlying pathophysiology of MS is the destruction of myelin sheath by immune cells. The formation of myelin plaques, inflammati
“Multiple Sclerosis Intimacy and Sexuality Questionnaire-19” was used to evaluate the SD changes before and six months after the new treatment initiation. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS V.24 software. Histograms and the Shapiro-Wilk test were used to assess the normality of the ...
[43]. In particular, the IL6 pathway is not associated with immune or inflammatory cells, suggesting that this process occurs during the early stages of injury. This may explain why tocilizumab (an anti-IL6-receptor antibody) only preserves lung function over 48 weeks in patients with early ...
The range of immunomodulatory therapies to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) has widened markedly in recent years, and MS treatments have become more efficient. This improvement in efficacy has been accompanied by an increased risk of treatment-associated in
Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease characterized by excessive dermal fibrosis with progression to internal organs, vascular impairment and immune dysregulation evidenced by the infiltration of inflammatory cells in affected tissues and the produ
The MRI findings in degenerative ataxic disorders are predominantly those of atrophy, although there are no intracranial changes in pure spastic paraplegia (Ormerod et al 1994). A variable degree of cerebellar and/or brainstem atrophy is present in all but the earliest stages of hereditary or idi...
In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised phase 2 clinical trial, we enrolled adults with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from participating centres in the USA. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older with no history of diabetes or liver or cardiovascular disease, and who were ...