The distinction between the two abbreviations is unclear, as different taxonomists have used them with slightly different meanings. The abbreviation aff. preceding a taxon name literally means “related to” (Latin affinis,“related, connected”), as in “Calyptridium aff. monandrum” or “aff...
the murals are not recoverable and thus the heritages should be protected for sustainable development. The fundamental solution is to protect the intact murals against deterioration under natural and anthropogenic influences. During the past decades, although many achievements have been made to protect th...
The two terms open water and ice-free waters can easily be assumed to have the same or very similar meanings. Although both terms indicate that ships can navigate freely, they are not the same. The definitions of these two terms are as follows: 2.5. Mode of operation in ice-covered water...