One explanation is that the signal overshadows the response because it is a better predictor of reinforcement. The S-R overshadowing effect does not occur with variable ratio (VR) schedules, however. Tarpy, Lea, and Midgley (1983) explained this fact by suggesting that the signal functions to...
Similarly, sensitivity to token-production ratios increased across successive token deliveries for one of four subjects. Differences between subjects can be explained by the duration of elicited sign tracking of tokens, measured by duration of postreinforcement pausing and direct observation of rats ...
Obtained molar differences in performance are not compatible with the assumption that there is a "general outcome" on concurrent schedules; and explaining these molar differences in performance in terms of the local contingencies of reinforcement is contrary to the assumption that behavior is allocated ...
This finding cannot be predicted or explained by recent theories of behavioral contrast based on autoshaping, and thus questions their sufficiency. We suggest that this local response-rate increase results from the predictable change from high to low density of reinforcement at the end of the fixed...
University of Wisconsin.Berger, C. J., Cummings, L. L., & Heneman, H. G. (1975). Expectancy theory and operant conditioning predictions of performance under variable ratio and continu- ous schedules of reinforcement. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 14, 227-243....
There were no differences in time-allocation sensitivity between the two methods of constructing variable-interval schedules. Since the two laboratories have consistently used different methods for constructing variable-interval schedules, the differences in obtained sensitivities to reinforcement are explained....
Increasing time proportions were also found in Experiment 2, which arranged similar conditions, except that reinforcement was provided on a variable-time basis. The time proportions were close to the momentary maximizing prediction in Experiment 2. The results of both experiments can be explained if ...
Without this time preference for short interresponse times, the variable-interval interresponse-time reinforcement feedback function largely controlled response emission, dictating a response-rate reduction. This result was explained in terms of the economic notion of "maximizing present value."...
analysis of methods for programing DRL schedules & applications in educational settingsThree methods for programming the differential reinforcement of low rate were explained, labeled, illustrated by research studies, and analyzed, but not compared. Spaced Responding DRL, the first and most common method...
The changes in local changeover rates following changes of conditions were adequately described by an exponential function. This result can be explained by a model of changeover behaviour proposed by Myerson and Miezin (1980), if a simplifying assumption is made about reinforcement rates as ...