This article investigates some of the issues which surround the use of tasks in oral tests, with particular reference to the group discussion. This is done... Glenn,Fulcher - 《Language Testing》 被引量: 23发表: 2016年 Statistical treatment of proficiency testing data There are three stages to...
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can provide unbiased estimates of sample average treatment effects. However, a common concern is that RCTs may fail to provide unbiased estimates of population average treatment effects. We derive the assumptions that are required to identify population average treatm...
Medical research sets out to form conclusions applicable to populations with data obtained from randomized samples drawn from those populations. Larger sample sizes should lead to more reliable conclusions. Sample size and power considerations should therefore be part of the routine planning and ...
To describe the distribution, we can calculate the center, spread, modality, and shape, as well as the presence of outliers. It is important to remember that what we have as the dataset, is called sample distribution in statistical analysis. If one repeats the same process of data collection...
Free Essay: Statistical data analysis was performed using programs MATLAB R2012b or R2014a and was conducted at 95% confidence level. Amino acids in the hair...
An adaptive distribution-free test is proposed for the two-sample location problem. First, the data are used to assess the tailweight and skewness of the u... RV Hogg,Fisher, Doris M.,Randles, Ronald H. - 《Journal of the American Statistical Association》 ...
sample size required not only for testing equality, but also for testing non-inferiority/superiority, and equivalence (similarity) based on both untransformed (raw) data and log-transformed data under a parallel-group design or a crossover design with equal or unequal ratio of treatment allocations...
We performed a Mendelian randomization study to assess whether genetically gut microbiota composition influences the risk of infertility. The genetic data pertaining to gut microbiota were obtained from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis, which was conducted among 24 cohorts (18,340 ...
In the MR analyses, PM2.5 levels were considered as the exposure of interest while various cardiovascular diseases were examined as outcomes. The study did not require ethical approval since publicly available data was used. The fundamental prerequisites for genetic variation to meet the IV ...
See Anderson (1984) for results concerning the distributions of the sample multiple correlation coefficient and the sample partial correlation coefficient, as well as related techniques for statistical inference, in the case of normally distributed data. Canonical correlations are used to measure the ...