Veneras 5 and 6 (1969) were alive down to 17 km, and Venera 7 (1970) made the first soft landing on Venus. Scientific return of the early Venera missions included studies of the interplanetary space at the cruise phase and the first direct measurements of pressure, density, and ...
where "P" stood for "posadka" (landing). Other sources from the period identified the mission as Laplas-Evropa-P, emphasizing its ultimate goal -- a landing on Europa. Prior to the US-European agreement on EJSM-Laplace, the Russian mission to ...
840. Arkhipov and others, Experimental studies of acoustic effects of propulsive landing system jets on reentry vehicle of crew transportation spacecraft (In Russian), Kosmicheskaya Tekhnika i Tekhnologii, No. 2 (17), 2017 568. Arkhipova, Ye., Kosmicheskiy eksperiment (in Russian), Sarov...
NASA reveals new moon landing sites. They're dark and uncharted. Some of the coldest parts of the solar system. 10/29/2024 By Mark Kaufman As spacecraft zooms to Venus, it peers back at humble Earth and the moon Our cosmic home. 09/21/2024 By Mark Kaufman Spacecraft watches l...
NASA's Mariner 2 became the first spacecraft to fly by Venus and measure its extreme surface temperature in 1962. The Soviet Union launched several "Venera" spacecraft, and in 1970 Venera 7 became the first spacecraft to make a successful soft landing on the planet, though it melted within...
2013 Aug. 30: Update: PTK NP's landing gear: Info, imagery; 2013 Aug. 29: Update: Descent module of PTK NP spacecraft: Info, imagery on the toilet system; 2013 Aug. 28: Update: PTK NP development in 2013: Info, imagery from MAKS-2013 air and space show; 2013 Aug. 21: Upda...
Illustrated with the photographs taken by Soviet Venus and Mars probes, pictures of the spacecraft, diagrams of the flight paths and landing techniques and maps of the landing sites, the book will build on the published scientific papers from the programme, archived material and memoirs and other...
The name was taken from the Swedish 64-gun ship of the line “Rättvisan” (Justice), captured on June 22, 1790 by the Frigate Venus during the Battle of Sveaborg. She was pressed into service in the Russian fleet with her name russified as “Retvizan” or “Rietwizan”, commemoratin...
(after 1978) theRussian Academy of Sciencessent multiple probes to Venus as part of theirVeneraandVega programs. Notably, theVenera 4orbiter and lander provided the first on-site analysis of another planet’s atmosphere. This was followed by theVenera 7lander making the first soft landing on ...
First flown in the mid-1960's, the Proton family of rockets has played a critical role in the exploration of space. The Salyut and Mir space stations were launched on Proton rockets. A large number of space probes were launched on Proton, including missions to Mars, Venus, and the Moon....