1919 London Geographical Institute’s 1919 map of Europe after the treaties of Brest-Litovsk and Batum and before the treaties of Tartu, Kars and Riga The stage was now set for the key year of the Civil War. The Bolshevik government was firmly in control of the core of Russia, from Petr...
There are a number of reports about the involvement of Chinese detachments in the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War. Chinese served as bodyguards of Bolshevik functionaries, served in the Cheka, and even formed complete regiments of the Red Army. Although it has been estimated that there...
However, they did not receive formal recognition under the Treaty of Versailles in 1919; instead, the territories became part of the Second Polish Republic and the short-lived Russian Republic (1922 onwards, Soviet Union). For roughly 20 more years (until the beginning of the Second World War...
In 1915 the Germans captured Lithuania-proper during the First World War. In 1917 Russia surrendered to Germany (after the war hardships led to a revolution in Russia) and renounced any claims to the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, while the subsequent German losses in the Western Front led...
Susan Pares,Displaced by War: Gertrude Powicke and QuakerReliefin France and Poland 1915–1919(London: Francis Boutle Publishers, 2015), pp. 35–39. 52. ‘Arthur Watts ,’Dictionary of Quaker Biography, LSF. 53. Francesca M. Wilson,Advice toReliefWorkers Based on Personal Experience in the...
and Kerensky thought he and his family would be safer far away from the capital. But the Bolshevik coup spelled their end. After civil war broke out and White Army forces began to approach Yekaterinburg, Lenin decided that Nicholas must be killed. On the night of July 16, 1918, an ...
Civil War ends, 1920; part of Soviet Union, 1922During the Russian Revolution and Civil War three national Ukrainian governments existed: (1) The Central Rada (Council), led by Mykhailo Hrushevsky, (2) the "Hetman Monarchy" of Pavlo Skoropadsky, supported by the Germans, and (3) the ...
Throughout 1919 civil war continued to rage in Russia and its former borderlands. While piecemeal assistance was being given to the anti-Bolshevik forces led by Kolchak and Denikin, the Allies also made promises to support the independence of the newly established states on the borders of Russia...
Donald Trump’s stunning political comeback has created an opening for Russia to shatter Western unity on Ukraine and redraw the global power map, according to several influential members of the Russian elite. In the corridors of power in Moscow, the win for Trump’s populist argument that Amer...
As follows from a 1919 Central Committee decree, “The Chekas [sic] have been established, exist, and function only as direct agencies of the Party, guided by its directives and under its oversight.” After the Russian Civil War, the commissars of justice, first Dmitry Kursky and later ...