The risk of fetal infection is highest in first trimester; the infection rate declines between 1228 weeks, suggesting that the placenta may prevent transfer of virus but not completely. The incidence of defects is inversely related to the time of maternal infection. Rubella outbreaks have been ...
The virus can be recovered from secretions 7 days before symptoms start and up to 7 days after the rash disappears. The incubation period is 14–21 days and usually 16–18 days. Rubella outbreaks often occur in late winter and early spring. Outbreaks, which have occurred since the vaccine ...
First isolated in 1962, the rubella virus is a 50–80 μm RNA-containing member of the togavirus family, genus Rubivirus. Several associated antigens are responsible for inducing the host immune response, including an envelope hemagglutinin. Rubella infection induces both cell-mediated and humoral...
Rubella istransmitted primarily through direct or droplet contact from nasopharyngeal secretions. Humans are the only natural hosts. In temperate climates, infections usually occur during late winter and early spring. The average incubation period of rubella virus is 17 days, with a range of 12 to ...
It is caused by a filterable virus that is spread by droplet spray from the respiratory tract of an infected individual. Rubella is a much milder infection than rubeola (measles) and the rash, appearing after an incubation period of two to three weeks, rarely lasts more than three days. ...
of the effects of rubella virus on the unborn baby depend on the time during pregnancy when the rubella infection occurs. Up to 85% of infants infected in the first three months of pregnancy (first trimester) will be found to be affected after birth. Even an ...
Rubellais anRNA virusof theTogaviridaefamily (Chapter 376). Infection with this virus leads to an illness involving the skin, lymph nodes, and occasionally the joints, primarily inyoung children. The disease is spread by nasal droplet infection and has anincubation periodof 14 to 21 days. Patie...
Rubella is a common communicable disease of childhood, which is spread by oral droplets; humans are the only natural hosts. The incubation period lasts 14–21 days, and it has to be assumed that it remains contagious for seven days before and seven days after the appearance of the rash. Ru...
Rubella is an infectious disease caused by the rubella virus. It is usually mild in children and adults but can have serious consequences in pregnant women, infecting their unborn babies and causing congenital rubella syndrome. The department said that a school would be closed in the Northern Cape...
with abnormalities, which may include deafness, cataracts, heart defects, liver and spleen damage, and mental retardation. CRS occurs among at least 25 percent of infants born to women who have had rubella during the first trimester of pregnancy. The presence of IgG antibody to rubella virus is...