While most flat roofs will only last 10-15 years, older systems such as Tar & Gravel, BUR (built-up) and in some cases Modified bitumen roofs. These roof types are usually installed by roofing contractors that are somewhat specialized in their field of work – these are “the old-...
Waste plastic bags are recycled in the production of virgin plastic products, deriving fuel, and producing activated carbon (Das and Tiwari, 2018). Moreover, waste plastic bags are used asfiller materialin the packaging of goods. These bags are also used as raw material for the manufacturing ...
If this was a tar and gravel roof, certainly one would not put EPDM directly over sharp stones - future holes would be too likely. It is common practice to install a rubber roof (EPDM) over a smooth older roof surface. Our EPDM roofer installed a layer of insulating board both to ...
with tar. Substantial costs and labour is required in maintenance and replacement of the said equipment. Additionally, traditional bituminous based systems require significant labor and machinery to lift materials to the roof surface. Installation and removal of such system also require significant labor...
The use of recycled materials and porous aggregates such as rubber crumbs and volcanic gravel (pozzolana) for the drainage layer can lead to improving thermal behaviour of the green roofs. On the other hand, the thermal performances of green roofs can be affected by the thickness of substrate...
It lessens plastic shrinkage, cracking, and concrete’s susceptibility to disastrous collapse. Presently, precast sidewalk panels, non-load-bearing building walls, and precast roofs for green buildings all employ concrete that has had scrap tires added to it [124]. It is often used for ...
Crushed gravel sand passed through a 4.75 mm sieve falling in zone III was considered fine aggregate as per IS-383: 2016 [22]. The fineness modulus and specific gravity of fine aggregates were 3.48 and 2.68, respectively. Figure 1 displays the particle size distribution. Figure 1. Particle ...