Bt, number of bits in the test frame; R, current bit rate in use; ef, packet error rate at current bit rate. Routing metrics predict the cost of the route calculated by the routing protocols. They provide quantifiable values that can be used to judge the cost or efficiency of a route...
To begin with, this paper introduces a new network structure model and combines the original energy consumption model to construct a new method to determine the optimal number of clusters for the total energy consumption minimization. Based on the balanced energy consumption, then we optimize the ...
If the number of replayed transitions is greater than a% of the memory size, the experience whose |δt| is less than the ECV will be erased. The number of experiences decreases in this stage. Fourth, if the number of replayed transitions is below b%(b < a) of the memory size, we ...
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Martins, L.d.C.; Bayliss, C.; Copado-...
A large enough positive number. The decision variable is defined as follows: Xivj = 1 if node j is the next node to node i on the route of vehicle v ; 0 otherwise; i, j ∈ N, v ∈ V Sustainability 2017, 9, 288 5 of 24 2.2. Mathematical Model In this section, the ...
On Line 6, a given number of customers are first removed from current solution scurrent using the chosen removal heuristic and put into the set of removed customers. The locations of charging stations and depot in the partial solution remain unchanged. Using the corresponding insertion heuristic, ...
The reason behind this iFnigcrueraese8 sinhotwhrsotuhgehtphurotuigs htphuatt oatf Nheoadvey1a, nsedpavreartyelhyebaeviyngraaifnfe, cwteed ubsyerathine. mThoedirfeiaesdonAObeMhiDnVd tphriostionccorel.ase in throughput is that at heavy and very heavy rain, we use the modified AOMDV ...
to calculate the probability of choosing action ai at time slot t: ζit(si, ai) = eQit (si ,ai )/η ∑b∈Ai eQit(si,b)/η , (19) where Qit(si, ai) is the Q-value for the pair of state-action (si, ai) at time step t, η is a positive number called the temperature....
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Martins, L.d.C.; Bayliss, C.; Copado-...
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Martins, L.d.C.; Bayliss, C.; Copado-...