µ(x)∈[0, 1] denotes a stable tendency for any number x∈U. If a number x represents a random instance of the concept C and accords with normal distribution x ~ N(Ex,yi), where yi also consistent with normal distribution yi ~ N(En,He), and the determinate degree of x meets ...
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Based on our experience, we use fpi ď 0.05N, where N is the number of particles [36]. Putting the above pieces together, the global best can be selected as follows: (i) For each particle in S1, we select a non-dominate solution that randomly dominates the particle from A1 as g...
Since there are so many research challenges in routing protocol design for underwater acoustic sensor networks, there are also a large number of open issues that need to be investigated: 1. The propagation delay model. Due to the fact the propagation delay in underwater acoustic sensor networks...
A. Chromosome coding method This paper encodes vehicle routes with natural numbers (the number of the demand points), while adopting binary 0–1 code for the actual supplies in each demand point. The coding of vehicle routes is similar to the present study [25], and the following will ...