Campylobacter Epidemiology--Sources and Routes of Transmission for Human Infection. In Campylobacter: Features, Detection, and Prevention of Foodborne Disease; Klein, G., Ed.; Academic Press: London, UK; San Diego, CA, USA, 2016; pp. 85-110, ISBN 9780128036495....
Nosema ceranae is a widespread microsporidian parasite of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera). We extend a previous mathematical model of the disease by including mass action infection as a second route of transmission. The underlying honeybee population model accounts for polyethism by considering ...
The predominant routes of transmission vary according to the endemicity of the HBV infection. 其主要传播途径根据HBV感染的毒力不同而不同。 dictsearch.appspot.com 3. There are three routes of transmission of HIV: sexual contact, blood transmission and mother to child transmission. HIV有三种传播途...
pylori infection within families. Also lending support to this concept is the detection of H. pylori DNA in vomitus, saliva, dental plaque, gastric juice, and feces. Waterborne transmission, probably due to fecal contamination, may be an important source of infection, especially in parts of the...
of the possible routes on porcine circoviruses infecting human such as foodborne infection, vaccination infection, xenotransplantation infection, airborne infection and vector infection based on some published literatures in order to cause some concerns in public health and cross-species transmission. More...
An outbreak of OXA-23-producing carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii amongst ICU-patients with COVID-19 likely occurred by transmission through inanimate surfaces, potentially facilitated by a contaminated positioning pillow shared between patients. Subsequent rapid spread may have been caused by expo...
Transmission routesBackground Objective: The immune system of Patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is weekend because of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and they become vulnerable to several opportunistic and non-opportunistic pathogens and different carcinomas. IV drug ...
Furthermore, this study demonstrated tissue tropisms and provided evidence for the possible routes of viral transmission in EEHV1A- and EEHV4-infected Asian elephants. Results Gross lesions and molecular analyses of EEHV infection in elephant calves At necropsy, elephant carcasses cases 1–4 ...
contact with the infected animals did not develop disease [8]. In another study, experimental infection showed low levels of virus in oral and nasal secretions 12 to 18 days post infection (dpi) [9]. Sharing of water troughs was also raised as a possible route for LSDV transmission [10]...
From: Contact transmission of influenza virus between ferrets imposes a looser bottleneck than respiratory droplet transmission allowing propagation of antiviral resistance Two donor ferrets one for chain 1 and one for chain 2, were infected with a total of 104 PFU of a mixture of viruses based on...