AMF belong to the Glomeromycota division of fungi. They form arbuscules (small tree-like structures) in plant cells, thus their name (Parniske 2008). The interactions of these beneficial microbes with plant roots help in various functions such as nutrient uptake and growth promotion of host ...
A number of unrelated groups have developed structures known as pneumatophores which are simple upward extensions from the horizontal root into the air above. These are best developed in Avicennia and Sonneratia (Figure 1C), the former typically having narrow, pencil-like pneumatophores, the latt...
The fungi then consume the stumps and roots of the infected trees to build up inoculum potential that enables them to move from tree to tree by root contacts or grafts. Armillaria species also produce bootlace-like rhizomorphs, which grow on the surface of roots and through the soil, ...
Relationships with fungi (Mycorrhizae) where fungi absorb more water and nutrients than roots. Specialized Roots Roots that have specific adaptations for various functions. Adventitious Roots Roots that arise from a tissue other than the pericycle. Prop Roots Adventitious roots that stabilize the plant,...
Climate change is driving extreme changes to the environment, posing substantial threats to global food security and bioenergy. Given the direct role of plant roots in mediating plant-environment interactions, engineering the form and function of root sy
In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant body that typically lies below the surface of the soil. This is not always the case, however, ...
1e) and large quantities of small vacuole-like structures with sizes ranging from 0.5 to 5 µm (v in Fig. 1e). These activated cells also featured significant and unusually high mitochondrial clustering (asterisks, Fig. 1e) around the nucleus. This mitochondria-nuclei association was ...
The earliest land plants probably presented a system of rhizoid-like filaments that performed the rooting functions (anchorage and uptake water and nutrients) helped by associated fungi. They grow in superficial soil produced for weathering of rock surface similarly to bryophytes (mosses). Their ...
It would be advantageous to use tools like the previous-mentioned ones in publications and at conferences to standardise the use of root nomenclature, in order to speak the same language within the root phenotyping community. Despite the obvious gain that a systematized nomenclature can bring to...
Fig. 17.7.Fruiting bodies ofRigidoporus microporuson dead tree stump. Generally, most of the rootrot fungiare soil-borne pathogens. They can live saprophytically on woody substrates in soils for years and become parasites when favorable conditions and susceptible hosts are present (Nandris et al....