1. Introduction The roll-to-roll production process is widely used in the field of industrial automation, including in battery diaphragm production [1], web handling [2], inkjet printing [3], printed circuit boards [4], textiles [5] and the printing industry [6–10]. Register error ...
the more intense the temperature change; therefore, the mesh near the surface is dense, the radial step size decreases by 10% near the strip direction, and the mesh inside the work roll and at the roll neck is sparse, reducing the number of nodes and making the calculation time short. Th...