Age-related T cell dysfunction can lead to failure of immune tolerance mechanisms, resulting in aberrant T cell-driven cytokine and cytotoxic responses that ultimately cause tissue damage. In this Review, we discuss the role of T cells in the onset and progression of age-associated conditions, fo...
cells in the CNS parenchyma and at CNS–periphery interfaces are highly specialized but also extremely plastic cells that immediately react to any changes in CNS homeostasis and become reactive in the context of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. However, ...
A family of proliferin genes was discovered on a microarray analysis of hematopoiesis supportive stromal cell lines. Proliferin-2 (PLF2) increased the frequency of long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-IC) from 1 in 340 to 1 in 256 of the primary hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-enriched ...
In the last few decades, the role of cancer stem cells in initiating tumors, metastasis, invasion, and resistance to therapies has been recognized as a potential target for tumor therapy. Understanding the mechanisms by which CSCs contribute to cancer progression can help to provide novel therapeuti...
these restrictions are the motivation for the use of alternative mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources in the regenerative field. Stem cells (SCs) of Umbilical Cord (UC) and Dental Pulp (DP) have almost similar biological characteristics to other MSCs and can differentiate into a number of cell ...
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) show considerable promise in regenerative medicine with superior anti-fibrotic, immunomodulatory, and angiogenic functions. More recently, discovered with the tumor tropism, MSCs have been exploited as the basis of target
These lineages include primitive hematopoiesis, erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) [18]. Initially, the earliest wave of hematopoietic cell development encompasses primitive hematopoietic cells, which emerge in a manner independent of RUNX1 from the posterior plate ...
MC therefore, refers to the process when cells attempt to divide without proper repair of DNA damage due to faulty cell cycle checkpoint functioning consequently resulting in formation of giant, multinucleated cells with condensed chromosomes, distinguishing MC morphologically from other modes of cell ...
In preimplantation embryos, pluripotent stem cells in the epiblast are in a ‘naive’ state. They become ‘primed’ during postimplantation development. Insulators cis-regulatory elements that can block the function of enhancers or the spreading of gene silencing. The word can also refer to the pr...
cells in the liver, the unique metabolic regulation of hepatocytes and other potential mechanisms, the liver tends to form an immunosuppressive microenvironment and subsequently form a pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which can promote metastasis and colonization by various tumor cells(TCs). As a result,...