The presence of estrogen receptor (ER) in breast cancer cell is a good prognostic factor. It is also a predictive factor used in hormonal therapy. To evaluate the expression of oestrogen receptors α and β (ERα and ERβ) in the neoplastic tissues of patients with invasive breast cancer ...
Oestrogen and progesterone receptor determinations in breast cancer; technology and biology. Cancer Surveys 5:505-525. Google Scholar C. R. Wenger, S. Beardslee, M. A. Owens, G. Pounds, T. Oldaker, P. Vendely, M. R. Pandian, D. Harrington, G. M. Clark, and W. L. McGuire (...
It has long been appreciated that the estrogen receptor (ER) plays an important role in the biology of breast cancer. It is an accepted factor predicting favorable disease outcome and treatment response, and as such is generally considered to represent a “good” prognostic marker in breast cance...
They are oestrogen receptor negative (ER – ) and tightly regulated within niches found along the breast duct. It seems likely that somatic SCs are a major target for carcinogenesis. Early pregnancy is known to have a markedly protective effect on the development of breast cancer in later life...
These agents appear to be biologically active in a number of ways not yet completely understood but they do have both a weak oestrogenic effect and an anti-oestrogenic competitive effect, thus reducing the potential carcinogenic action of prolonged oestrogen activity. A probable additional benefit ...
AT1 receptor was found to be expressed in the cell membrane of breast tumour epithelial cells. Conclusion These findings provide evidence that, in breast cancer cells, oestrogen can signal through AT1 to activate early cell survival mechanisms in an ER-independent manner. 展开 ...
JF Forbes - 《Seminars in Oncology》 被引量: 192发表: 1997年 Endocrine treatment options for advanced breast cancer--the role of fulvestrant. For many years, tamoxifen has been the 'gold standard' amongst anti-oestrogen therapies for breast cancer. However, the selective aromatase inhibitors (AIs...
Drugs that block aromatase, the enzyme that converts androgens to oestrogens; used to treat oestrogen receptor+ patients with breast cancer by decreasing circulating levels of oestrogenic compounds. Rights and permissions Reprints and permissions About this article Cite this article Greuber, E., Smith...
As interest has grown in precision medicine over the past decade, the principle of companion diagnostics has gained increasing purchase among laboratory professionals, clinicians, regulators, and even patients. The evolution of the biomarkers used to stratify and treat breast cancer illustrates the ...
In breast cancer, the analysis of thousands of samples has found a strong association between high infiltration with CD8+T cells or a Th1-gene signature and longer PFS and OS.95,96,97,98,99,100Also, it has been suggested that this association is particularly strong in oestrogen receptor (ER...