Finally, as homeostatic expression of the antibacterial lectin RegIII in the intestine is dependent on TOLL-like receptor sign- aling,29 we determined whether constitutive CCL6 expression in the ileum was TOLL-like receptor dependent. Although RegIII mRNA levels were reduced 10-fold in the ileum ...
in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it was discovered that, in human peripheral blood, rare cells expressing major histocompatibility complex class II molecules exhibited the unique ability to rapidly produce much greater amounts of IFN-Is in vitro in response to a much broader...
Mutant mice developed massive edemas of multiple tissues including the liver, lung, and intestine and died most likely due to respiratory and cardiovascular failure (Figure 5B). We also generated Cbl-b−/− P14 mice on a Rag2−/− background. In these mice, not a single Cbl-b−...
10 The idea of atherosclerosis as a biologic response was furthered by the work of Ira Tabas and Kevin Williams, who championed the notion that atherogenesis may evolve primarily as a response to the retention of lipid and lipoprotein retention within the vessel wall, emphasizing this event as ...
In humans, CASZ1 exhibits high expression levels in various organs, including the heart, lungs, skeletal muscle, pancreas, testes, small intestine, and stomach. Notably, the highest relative expression level of CASZ1 is observed in the heart [2] where it plays a crucial role in morphogenesis...
Our findings open up the possibility that the heat-killed form of Lactobacillus pentosus strain b240 can be used as a TLR2-mediated DC-activating biologic for enhancing IgA production in the intestine. 展开 关键词: Animals Mice, Inbred BALB C Mice Peyer's Patches Dendritic Cells Lactobacillus ...
of the formulation followed by digestion with the addition of porcine pancreatic lipase to mimic the digestion in the small intestine. Throughout the process, pH is maintained using sodium hydroxide, and aliquots collected during the process are centrifuged and evaluated for solubilized ...
Therefore, the model could well simulate the morphology, structure and function of the small intestine in vivo. The successful establishment of the small intestine organoid system has opened a new chapter in organoid research. Since 2009, organoids of the stomach, retina, brain, liver, kidney, ...
The death of endocrine cells is involved in type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmunity, adrenopause and hypogonadotropism. Insights from research on basic cell death have revealed that most pathophysiologically important cell death is necrotic in nature, whe
“Gut microbiota–brain connection” section)72. Along these lines, increased duodenal contractility by the ENS is characteristic of T2D and likely contributes to metabolic dysfunction. Treatment with galanin or apelin, which are both peptides released in the intestine, results in decreased duodenal ...