Fig. 3.7.The structure of eukaryotic protein-coding genes. Although DNA is a double-stranded molecule, only one of the strands encodes information that the RNA polymerase reads to produce mRNA. The promoter specifies where mRNA synthesis starts, and which DNA strand serves as the template strand...
each RNA strand has the same basic structure, composed of nitrogenous bases covalently bound to a sugar-phosphate backbone (Figure 1). However, unlike DNA, RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule. Also, the sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose (ribose contains one more hydroxyl grou...
In prebiotic evolution, self-replicating molecules are believed to have evolved into complex living systems by expanding their information and functions open-endedly. Theoretically, such evolutionary complexification could occur through successive appear
(dsRNA) species is unraveled and one of the strands is subsequently loaded into a complex containing one of the four humanargonaute proteins(Wang et al., 2009) resulting in the RISC. The RISC mediates the repressive function of the miRNA through partial complementarity to targeted mRNA ...
the RNA double-helical stem is now positioned on top of the junction between a bundle of three RNB helices and a linker connecting them to the rest of the RNB (Fig.5b,cand Extended Data Fig.5). This junction would then act as a wedge to separate the two strands of RNA, allowing the...
The NTP and template entry channels meet at the palm subdomain (Fig.3a). This is a structure that is comprised of a central, partially formed three-stranded β-sheet, which is also present in RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs). The relative movement of these strands within the RRM is vital to...
The region of unpaired DNA (about 10 nucleotides) is called the tranion bubble and it is stabilized by the binding of σ factor to the unpaired bases on one of the exposed strands. 该地区未配对的DNA(约10个核苷酸)被称为转录泡沫,稳定的绑定未配对基地σ因子暴露股之一。
Once the polymerase II has begun elongating the RNA tran, most of the general tranion factors are released from the DNA so that they are available to initiate another round of tranion with a new RNA polymerase molecule. 一旦RNA聚合酶II已经开始延伸成绩单,大多数通用转录因子释放DNA,这样他们可以...
Considering berry development, our atlas provides interesting hints on the maturation of a non-climacteric fruit, in which the regulatory role played by miRNAs has been scarcely investigated. Some of the most conserved miRNAs reveal intriguing profiles: among others, miR156 and miR164 seem to be ...
Despite the similar domain organization to Cas12a within the WED and RuvC domains, Cas12a2 has a unique α-helical REC lobe, with no known structural homologues. The differences in the structural organization of the REC lobe probably allow Cas12a2 to escape targeting by many anti-CRISPR protein...