Oral Contraceptives PhasicEstrogensContraceptive Agents ProgestinDrug InteractionsTobacco UseThromboembolismHypertensionBreast CancerOral contraceptives do more than prevent pregnancy. Estrogen lowers the risk of ovarian cancer and cysts, and progestin lowers the risk of endometrial cancer. However, some agents ...
The effects of progestin may be important for breast cancer and atherosclerotic diseases, including CHD and stroke. Per protocol, in a separate and adequately powered trial, WHI is testing the hypothesis of whether oral estrogen will prevent CHD in 10 739 women who have had a hysterectomy. The...
Etiologic differences between subtypes of breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status are not well understood. The authors evaluated associations of hormone-related factors with breast cancer sub... XO Shu,YT Gao,W Zheng,... 被引量: 0发表: 2018年 ...
Combination pills that contain both an estrogen and a progestin are common, affordable and have been used safely for years. Progestin-only versions of the pill ("mini-pill") exist if you are breastfeeding or unable to use estrogen due to medical reasons.4 You may have less bleeding or ...
Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Over the years, the estrogen dose in combined oral contraceptives has been progressively reduced to decrease the risk of thrombosis; however, t... Juhua,Luo,Karen,... - 《Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports》 被引量: 19发表: 2010年 Oral...
When risk factors for cardiovascular disease are taken into account in selecting OC users and when an appropriate agent is chosen, the likelihood of a cardiovascular accident is greatly reduced. The formulations containing low-dose estrogen and low-dose, low-potency progestins appear to be safest,...
Sex differences Estrogen Introduction The concepts of “sex” and “gender” are distinct. “Sex” is a biological variable determined by factors such as genetics (with variations such as intersex1), physiology, and anatomy, while “gender” is a social variable determined by identity, roles, cu...
Surgery to thin the uterine lining may be used in some cases of heavy bleeding. Stress can cause irregular periods. Meditation and breathing exercises may help lower cortisol, which can affect estrogen and progesterone. Cyclic progesterone therapy may help regulate an irregular menstrual cycle without...
[49]. Since the relative androgenicity of progestin can be assessed by the measurement of plasma SHBG, this procedure may be useful in the clinical practice for assessing the estrogen/androgen balance of COCs. The estrogen components of COCs (e.g., ethinylestradiol and estradiol) induce ...
et al. Depomedroxyprogesterone-induced hypoestrogenism and changes in vaginal flora and epithelium. Obstet. Gynecol. 96, 431–439 (2000). CAS PubMed Google Scholar Chu, D. M. et al. Maturation of the infant microbiome community structure and function across multiple body sites and in ...