Therefore, the distance between two rigid bodies belonging to two different layers formed by shear flow is greater than 2 nm, meaning that collisions between them are less likely to occur. Therefore, the main influence on the viscosity of the system is the collisions between fluid particles and...
the physical meaning of vs can now be inferred:imagining the moving bodyto be infinitely large,vg is the instantaneous velocity of the point on this body currently at the fixed-frame origin,expressed in the fixed frame 基于物体坐标系 \left\{ b \right\} 表达 \mathcal { V }_{b} = \le...
To illustrate how the origin and axes can simplify the math to describe the inertia of an object, an example using a two-dimensional plane cut from the ellipsoid is shown inFigure 3. Figure 3: Using coordinate system (XY in left figure, red) with a specific origin and reference axes, th...
The mechanical system we propose to deal with is a finite set of perfectly rigid bodies submitted to: (a) usual constraints, meaning holonomous, bilateral, frictionless constraints, depending or not on time; (b) forces, they are functions of time, velocity, and the generalized variables of ...
Fusion categories are fundamental objects in quantum algebra, but theirdefinition is narrow in some respects. By definition a fusion category must bek-linear for some field k, and every simple object V is strongly simple,meaning that (V) = k. We prove that linearity follows automatically from...
When the impact point slides throughout compression, meaning there is an initial horizontal velocity of the impact point, two of the equations that apply are Equation (51) with superscript c. The third equation arises from the condition that the vertical velocity is zero at the end of ...
A two-dimensional simulation can be seen as a three-dimensional simulation where all rigid bodies are thin and flat, and it all happens on thexy-plane, meaning there’s no movement in thez-axis. This means thatfandrare always in thexyplane and soτwill always have zeroxandycomponents bec...
The core code is written in C++, meaning that you can fully use BIORBD from C++. Moreover, the linear algebra is using the Eigen library which makes it fairly easy to perform further computation and analyses. The informations that follows is a basic guide that should allow you to perform ...
In the equality constraints of the previous examples, λ can take any value, meaning the constraint forces could be in either a positive or negative direction along the behavior gradients). In an inequality constraint such as the non-penetration constraint, however, λ must be greater than or ...
The simulation time for the full simulation model to CPU time was approximately 1:4190, meaning that 1 simulation time unit requires 4190 CPU time units. For the simplified model, the same ratio was 1:2590. 4.1 Calibration Calibration of the granular ore model was performed according to the ...