In the brain’s reward circuit, anticipated rewards produce much smaller signals than___.相关知识点: 试题来源: 解析 unpredictable rewards解析:细节处设题及考查比较级的转化。原文中是larger...than...结构,而题干中是smaller...than...,因此作比较的两者之间的位置也要变换一下。根据定位句,不难看出un...
Although this chapter is not meant as an exhaustive review of the literature, we highlight areas of inquiries where novel optical tools have provided important new data that have been used to both test old hypotheses and generate novel insights about the circuit organization of the brain reward ...
Predictions and the brain: how musical sounds become rewarding. Music has always played a central role in human culture. The question of how musical sounds can have such profound emotional and rewarding effects has been... VN Salimpoor,DH Zald,RJ Zatorre,... - 《Trends in Cognitive Sciences...
This review synthesizes recent data from human and rodent studies from which emerges a circuit-level framework for understanding reward deficits in depression. We also discuss some of the molecular and cellular underpinnings of this framework, ranging from adaptations in glutamatergic synapses and ...
thesedisorders,highlightingthemolecularandneurophysiological mechanisms that drive these circuit abnormalities. We end by discussing future directions for research, in Correspondence should be addressed to SJR (scott.russo@mssm.edu). NIH Public Access ...
Advances in neuroscience identified addiction as a chronic brain disease with strong genetic, neurodevelopmental, and sociocultural components. We here discuss the circuit- and cell-level mechanisms of this condition and its co-option of pathways regulating reward, self-control, and affect. Drugs of ...
A. Jr. The mesolimbic dopamine reward circuit in depression. Biol. Psychiatry 59, 1151–1159 (2006). Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Koob, G. F. & Le Moal, M. Addiction and the brain antireward system. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 59, 29–53 (2008). Article PubMed Google Scholar Hn...
However, the exact relationship between DRN neuronal activity and reward signaling has been elusive. In this review, we will summarize anatomical, pharmacological, optogenetics, and electrophysiological studies on the functions and circuit mechanisms of DRN neurons in reward processing. The DRN is ...
surprised to find these AgRP neurons seemed to be signaling the dopamine neurons, but we couldn't detect that until the animal gets the reward," Goldstein says. "This suggested that either an indirect or modulatory circuit mediates the interaction betweenhungerand reward neurons in the brain." ...
Chronic marijuana use disrupts the brain's natural reward processes, according to researchers at the Center for BrainHealth at The University of Texas at Dallas.