Table 5. Calculated unit costs for freshwater production. The amortization factor (a) was estimated as follows: 𝑎=𝑖(1+𝑖)𝑛(1+1)𝑛−1=0.07(1+0.07)20(1+0.07)20−1=0.09439 yr−1a=i(1+i)n(1+1)n−1=0.07(1+0.07)20(1+0.07)20−1=0.09439 yr−1 where n is ...
Plummeting reserves and increasing demand of freshwater resources have culminated into a global water crisis. Desalination is a potential solution to mitigate the freshwater shortage. However, the process of desalination is expensive and energy-intensive
Composition of Operating Expenses In millions of RMB, except for percentages Item Staff costs General operating and administrative expenses Insurance benefits and claims Depreciation and amortization Taxes and surcharges Others 2023 151,628 62,047 6,128 21,621 7,260 3,621 2022 145,641 61,...
Composition of operating expenses In millions of RMB, except for percentages Item Staff costs General operating and administrative expenses Insurance benefits and claims Depreciation and amortization Tax and surcharges Others 2020 123,345 49,452 27,873 19,551 5,813 3,863 2019 124,267 48,...